APR042025_01B2203Decided 2025-04-04I-140

An Iranian horseback archery and polo athlete/coach met only one of three required EB-1A evidentiary criteria, so her…

Dismissed Useful for: avoid these mistakes
EB-1AField: horseback archery and polo (athlete, referee, and coach)Origin: Iran
The outcome

This appeal was not successful at this stage

The appeal was dismissed because the petitioner met only one of the required three evidentiary criteria (lesser nationally or internationally recognized awards), falling short of the minimum threshold needed for EB-1A classification.

1 / 3 criteria needed Need 2 more

2 more criteria would trigger a full merits review.

In plain English

The petitioner, an Iranian athlete, referee, and coach in horseback archery and polo, appealed denial of her EB-1A extraordinary ability petition. The AAO reversed the Director on the 'substantial benefit' requirement, finding her personal statement sufficient. The AAO also reversed the Director's denial of the lesser awards criterion, finding the Director had improperly imported a publication-quality requirement from a different criterion. However, the petitioner failed to establish the published material criterion because none of her submitted publications qualified as professional, major trade, or major media — the sports newspaper was not a professional publication and the evidence of other outlets' circulation was temporally insufficient. Having met only one of three required criteria, the appeal was dismissed.

What worked & what failed

What worked: The petitioner's personal statement explaining her intent to establish a horseback archery chapter and train U.S. athletes was sufficient to demonstrate substantial benefit to the United States. Her award coverage in Iran's most widely circulated national sports newspaper was accepted as a nationally recognized award, satisfying criterion (i) after the AAO corrected the Director's legal error of importing a publication-quality requirement that does not belong in that criterion.

What failed: The petitioner could not establish any of her published media as qualifying outlets: the sports newspaper was not a 'professional' publication because sports is not a licensed profession requiring a degree; the government-ranked newspaper's circulation data was too outdated; and the news agency's web traffic data was from 2024, five years after the relevant 2019 interview. Only one criterion was met rather than the required three.

Takeaway: When relying on published material (criterion iii), petitioners must document the publication's relative circulation or readership at the time of publication — not years later — and must clearly distinguish professional/trade publications from general-interest outlets. For awards (criterion i), petitioners should not allow adjudicators to impose extra requirements like publication quality; the relevant inquiry is only whether the award itself garnered national or international recognition.

For RFE responses & petition building

Cases like this are frequently used by attorneys when responding to RFEs or building initial petitions. The evidence patterns that worked (or failed) here directly reflect what USCIS officers look for when evaluating EB-1A criteria.

Evidence that moved the needle

  • The petitioner's personal statement explaining her intent to establish a horseback archery chapter and train U.S
  • athletes was sufficient to demonstrate substantial benefit to the United States
  • Her award coverage in Iran's most widely circulated national sports newspaper was accepted as a nationally recognized award, satisfying criterion (i) after the AAO corrected the Director's legal error of importing a publication-quality requirement that does not belong in that criterion.

Evidence that wasn't enough alone

  • The petitioner could not establish any of her published media as qualifying outlets: the sports newspaper was not a 'professional' publication because sports is not a licensed profession requiring a degree
  • the government-ranked newspaper's circulation data was too outdated
  • and the news agency's web traffic data was from 2024, five years after the relevant 2019 interview
  • Only one criterion was met rather than the required three.
Find more EB-1A cases with similar evidence patterns →
What the evidence showed

Criterion-by-criterion breakdown

Lesser nationally or internationally recognized prizes or awards

Reversed in their favor

AAO reversed Director's denial; petitioner's award covered in Iran's most widely circulated national sports newspaper constituted a nationally recognized award for excellence. Director improperly imported the 'professional or major trade publication' requirement from a different criterion.

Published material about the person

Not met

Petitioner submitted interviews and articles but failed to establish that any publication qualified as a professional publication, major trade publication, or other major media. Sports newspaper not a professional publication; Iranian news agency evidence too dated; government newspaper rankings did not establish major medium based on relative circulation.

Leading or critical role for distinguished organizations

Not met

Petitioner claimed this criterion but AAO reserved consideration as it was unnecessary given only one of three required criteria was met.

Evidence that persuaded the AAO

Petitioner's personal statement expressing intent to establish a new chapter of a U.S. horseback archery association and train athletes and referees in the United States — established substantial benefit.

Copy of article in Iran's most widely circulated national sports newspaper covering petitioner's award — established the award as nationally recognized for purposes of criterion (i).

Certificates and published articles documenting numerous awards in horseback archery and polo.

Where the evidence fell short

July 2024 online visibility platform data about the Iranian government newspaper — too temporally distant from the 2017 interview to establish the paper's relative circulation at the relevant time.

January 2018 Iranian government directorate newspaper rankings — based on qualitative content factors, not relative circulation, so did not establish the paper as a 'major medium.'

2024 online documentation showing Iranian news agency's website ranked 31st in Iran with nearly one million daily visitors — too temporally distant from the 2019 interview to establish major medium status at that time.

Sports newspaper articles — newspaper not a 'professional publication' because sports workers and enthusiasts are not a recognized profession requiring a bachelor's degree, and sports enthusiasts include the general public.

Counsel's unsubstantiated assertions in RFE response regarding substantial benefit — attorney statements in briefs are not evidence.

Officer errors the AAO found

Director improperly required awards documentation to appear in 'professional or major trade publications or other major media,' importing a requirement from criterion (iii) into criterion (i), which has no such requirement.

Director overlooked petitioner's personal statement when assessing whether her U.S. entry would substantially benefit the country.

Director improperly discounted the 2017 newspaper interview for lack of an author's name, when the interview did in fact name the journalist.

Director relied solely on a Wikipedia entry to find the Iranian news agency was not a major medium, ignoring other submitted evidence.

How the case moved

Completed

I-140 filed

Athlete, referee, and coach in horseback archery and polo with nearly 30 years of experience

Completed

Director — Denied

Initial decision: Denied.

Completed

Appeal to the AAO

Petitioner appealed to the Administrative Appeals Office for de novo review.

2025-04-04

AAO decision — Dismissed

The appeal was dismissed because the petitioner met only one of the required three evidentiary criteria (lesser nationally or internationally recognized awards), falling short of the minimum threshold needed for EB-1A classification.

If you're appealing a similar decision, I-290B must be filed within 30 days of personal service of the denial, or 33 days if mailed.

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Authorities the office relied on
8 C.F.R. § 204.5(h)(2)8 C.F.R. § 204.5(h)(3)8 C.F.R. § 204.5(h)(3)(i)8 C.F.R. § 204.5(h)(3)(ii)8 C.F.R. § 204.5(h)(3)(iii)8 C.F.R. § 204.5(h)(3)(viii)8 C.F.R. § 204.5(h)(4)8 C.F.R. § 204.5(k)(2)
ChawathePetitioner bears the burden of demonstrating eligibility by a preponderance of the evidence.
Christo'sAAO conducts de novo appellate review.
Amin v. MayorkasUSCIS's two-step extraordinary ability analysis is consistent with the governing statute and regulation.
Matter of PriceThe 'substantially benefit' requirement is interpreted broadly; a professional golfer's immigration would substantially benefit the United States given golf's popularity.
Matter of S-M-Statements in a brief, motion, or Notice of Appeal are not evidence and are not entitled to evidentiary weight.
KazarianNeither USCIS nor the AAO may unilaterally impose novel substantive or evidentiary requirements beyond those set forth in the regulations.
Matter of O-R-E-An ineligibility ground not raised on appeal is effectively waived.
Matter of R-A-M-Issues not raised on appeal are waived.
Braga v. PoulosProfessional and major trade publications are read by people in a particular profession or trade, rather than the population at large.
United States v. LawsonWikipedia entries are unreliable given their open-access nature.
BagamasbadAgencies need not make purely advisory findings on issues unnecessary to their ultimate decisions.