MAY252023_01D8101Decided 2023-05-25I-129

An O-1A petition for a professional bodybuilder was dismissed because the fitness management company petitioner could…

Dismissed Useful for: avoid these mistakes
O-1AField: bodybuilding
The outcome

This appeal was not successful at this stage

The appeal was dismissed because the Petitioner failed to satisfy the contractual requirement under 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(2)(ii)(B), with serious unresolved inconsistencies and discrepancies in the employment contracts, salary figures, and evidence of actual employment. The AAO did not reach the merits of the extraordinary ability criteria.

0 / 3 criteria needed Need 3 more

3 more criteria would trigger a full merits review.

In plain English

A fitness management company filed an O-1A petition for a professional bodybuilder, but the petition was denied and the appeal dismissed due to fundamental contract deficiencies. The record contained two conflicting employment contracts listing different job titles and salaries ($200,000 vs. $80,000), and the beneficiary's own tax returns showed self-employment as a personal trainer rather than wages from the company. USCIS investigation revealed the company appeared to be a shell entity, the listed work address was a residential property, and the beneficiary had created a GoFundMe campaign for surgery costs despite the contract promising full health insurance. Because the Petitioner failed to resolve these material inconsistencies — and largely did not even contest the Director's specific findings on appeal — the AAO dismissed the appeal on the contract requirement alone, without reaching the extraordinary ability merits.

What worked & what failed

What failed: The Petitioner could not establish a valid employment contract due to two conflicting agreements with different salaries and job titles, neither of which aligned with the beneficiary's actual documented income as a self-employed personal trainer. The company itself appeared to be a shell entity with no verifiable business operations, a residential address, and no evidence of actually paying the beneficiary the contracted wages or providing health insurance. On appeal, the Petitioner failed to address or contest most of the Director's specific findings, resulting in those issues being deemed waived.

Takeaway: Petitioners must ensure complete consistency among all submitted documents — including contracts, Form I-129, cover letters, and financial records — and must specifically address every finding raised by the Director on appeal or risk those issues being deemed waived. A company petitioning on behalf of an athlete must demonstrate it is a genuine operational business entity, not a vehicle created solely to file the immigration petition.

For RFE responses & petition building

Cases like this are frequently used by attorneys when responding to RFEs or building initial petitions. The evidence patterns that worked (or failed) here directly reflect what USCIS officers look for when evaluating O-1A criteria.

Evidence that moved the needle

  • See summary above for details.

Evidence that wasn't enough alone

  • The Petitioner could not establish a valid employment contract due to two conflicting agreements with different salaries and job titles, neither of which aligned with the beneficiary's actual documented income as a self-employed personal trainer
  • The company itself appeared to be a shell entity with no verifiable business operations, a residential address, and no evidence of actually paying the beneficiary the contracted wages or providing health insurance
  • On appeal, the Petitioner failed to address or contest most of the Director's specific findings, resulting in those issues being deemed waived.
Find more O-1A cases with similar evidence patterns →
What the evidence showed

Criterion-by-criterion breakdown

Membership in associations requiring outstanding achievement

Not met

IFBB membership found insufficient in prior appellate decision; issue reserved in current decision

Published material about the person

Not met

Articles from MuscleMag and muscleinsider.com found insufficient in prior appellate decision; issue reserved in current decision

High salary or other significantly high remuneration

Not met

High salary criterion not met due to invalid/inconsistent Employment Agreement; issue reserved in current decision

How the case moved

Completed

I-129 filed

Professional bodybuilder and bodybuilding trainer

Completed

Director — Denied

Initial decision: Denied.

Completed

Appeal to the AAO

Petitioner appealed to the Administrative Appeals Office for de novo review.

2023-05-25

AAO decision — Dismissed

The appeal was dismissed because the Petitioner failed to satisfy the contractual requirement under 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(2)(ii)(B), with serious unresolved inconsistencies and discrepancies in the employment contracts, salary figures, and evidence of actual employment. The AAO did not reach the merits of the extraordinary ability criteria.

If you're appealing a similar decision, I-290B must be filed within 30 days of personal service of the denial, or 33 days if mailed.

Authorities the office relied on
ChawathePetitioner bears the burden of proof to demonstrate eligibility by a preponderance of the evidence
Christa'sAAO reviews questions de novo
RizkIssues not raised in a brief on appeal are deemed waived
HoPetitioner must resolve inconsistencies in the record with independent, objective evidence; unresolved material inconsistencies may undermine the reliability of the entire record
Spencer EnterprisesA few minor errors or discrepancies are not sufficient reason to question credibility, but serious unresolved errors may lead to a finding that the stated facts are not true
IzummiA petition cannot be approved based on facts that come into being only subsequent to the filing of a petition
BardouilleUSCIS cannot consider facts that come into being only subsequent to the filing of a petition
BagamasbadCourts and agencies are not required to make findings on issues unnecessary to the result they reach
L-A-C-Declining to reach alternative issues on appeal where an applicant is otherwise ineligible